Liposuction, the technology to create the beauty of figure

    In recent years, obesity has become a social problem which besetting people’s normal life. the largely fat sediment caused by excess fat nutrition not only affects shape aesthetic, but also indirectly increases the probability of illness among mid-ages or seniors including arteriosclerosis, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes. So liposuction has become a more fashionable topic in 1990s.

    From ancient human body shape to the contours of Egyptian art, from ancient Greece -- Roman civilization to modern civilization, the picture about human body have experienced a series of changes. In the 19th century, this outline sketch became inflated: chest fullness; Abdomen prominent, limbs and waist line to the track. In the 20th century, there has been rapid development of medical care; people have mastered the ability of changing the physical contours through surgical methods. The important foundation of the body shape is fat ranging from the volume of distribution for the physical body: the excessive accumulation in certain parts, the lack in some other parts. Early surgeons removed the large, big omentum, the plump buttocks and the prominent overhanging part of limbs for patients in order to improve their quality of life. But because these patients are very fat, the results of such cosmetology surgery are often unsatisfactory.

    As surgical techniques and anaesthesia methods increasingly progress, rather than stopped, the research to improve the human has in-depth development. In the late 1970s occurred Liposuction, which produced a far-reaching impact on changing shape-figure shape. By 80, the 1990s, cosmetology surgery had won clear public recognition and endorsement in Western countries. According to a random survey abroad, in 1982, 32% of people with unsatisfactory figure (most are women over the age of  25) agreed themselves or others to have figure sculpture surgery.

    By 1988, this percentage rose to 48%. In the United States, in 1984 an estimated 55,900 of people accepted a liposuction surgery, in 1988 this figure increased to 101,000. In choosing plastic surgery, the first choice for American female is liposuction, which is the third choice for men. Most people will choose suction pelvis and thigh parts of the fat, followed by the abdomen, buttocks and legs. Domestic situation is somewhat different, because it lacks the Caucasus ethnic "European style eyes, European style nose " nor so many obesity crowd, so many people choose double-eyelid, prosperous nose, abdomen liposuction ranked first, followed by pelvis, thigh, buttocks, legs, upper arm and so on.

The theory of liposuction

    According to biochemistry theory, after grown up, one’s fat cells will maintain in constant volume, adult obesity fat cells increase in size rather than number. Non-surgical treatment for obesity can reduce the swelling volume of fat cells, but not to reduce their number. The elements that caused partial fat metabolism obstacles (obesity) include genetic, endocrine, dietary habits, even if strictly controlled diet for physical exercise, partial fat metabolism obstacles still exist, the slight lift of limitations would cause rebound of fat. Every fat cell Liposuction removed is tantamount to removing the causes of a rebound, so liposuction technique is a permanent banting means.

Preparations pre-surgery

    1, based on the patients’ purpose and requirements, as well as the concrete fat accumulation, the surgeon should know whether the surgery would meet the purpose and requirement of the patient. The patients who have impractical purpose or excessive expectation should be declined politely. Problems that may occur during or after liposuction should be clearly to the patients. Only those who have certain psychological ability could take the surgery, otherwise the risk should be avoided.

    The healthy condition of the patient should be fully informed, especially for illnesses such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hepatitis-B and hemorrhagic. The liposuction zone should be no inflammation and skin diseases. People are advised to wash skin including shaving hairs on the previous day. Set a symbol area for Liposuction part, measure and take photographs the perimeter of it before and after the surgery, in order to contrast the effect of liposuction surgery. The suction part should be accurately marked, especially those parts which take much suction. The volume of fat being suctioned should be correctly recorded to guide the operation of the infusion therapy and other measures.

the areas of fat suction and the volume of suction

    Parts suit to take liposuction are the area with abdominal fat (it’s a common part for liposuction, particularly for the limited abdominal obesity), buttock, neck, face, upper arm, thigh and leg, inside thigh, and other parts the fat easily accumulated. There was a lady requested to “clear all body fat." People should not have excessive idea about liposuction, for fat is essential organization for human body, it has certain function, and the suction volume should be no more than 3000ml each time.
The volume of fat suction varies according to the requirement and condition of the patients. It can not be generalized, and not the more the better. After all, surgery is a trauma to the body, the greater the suction volume is, the greater corresponding probability is to have complications, so suction volume should be controlled. Generally speaking, the volume of outpatient suction should be controlled in 1000-1800 ml, around 3000 ml for in-patient. If one fails to achieve the expected result, further surgery can be taken. In fact, many foreign scholars believe that considered to the purpose of fat suction, the meaning of physical sculpture is more important than slimming itself, so fat suction’s focus is to sculpture a perfect physical shape, of course, losing weight is also one of the purposes: According to our experience, for a not very physical bloated patients, hundreds ml of fat being suctioned in certain part, the shape will be greatly improved, there is no need to clear the fat organization completely. If maximum of fat being suctioned, the figure is often come out to be not ideal, the quality and patterns of the skin may possibly have some new deformities.

Merits of Fat liposuction

    Fat suction technology began in the 1970s, and became prevailing in the 1980s in Europe and the United States and other Western countries. Especially the application of "swelling narcotic technology” makes the surgery safer. In 1990s, high-techs as ultrasonic fat suction, electronic fat suction technology have made the application of clinical surgery more safe and effective.　　

    Nearly all shallow body fat (hypodermic fat) can be suctioned by surgeon's sucker. The hypodermic fat lies between skin and in-depth fascia (fascia wraps muscle), while the skin is adhered by many textile fibers gaps to stick on a deep structure. These textile fiber gaps serve as innumerable ropes, which tighten the skin to stick in the bodily surface. The so called hypodermic fat, is in fact innumerable fat balls, clamp between the textile fiber gaps. What we do in the liposuction is to suction the fat balls, but minimize the damage to the textile fiber gaps as much as possible, because the textile fiber gaps bear the blood vessel, the nerve and the lymph vessel and so on.

    The hypodermic fatty tissue is called the shallow fascia system. This system has the fat and the fascia organizations, divides into the corona level and the plate-type level. The corona level covers lower level dermis of hypodermic various spots of the whole body. It is composed by the tiny fat granulometric; it closely inlayed in the textile fiber gaps. Plate-type level positions deeper than the corona level, but shallower than the muscle surface. It inlays in textile fiber gaps loosely and alternatively with fat balls. Its structure is looser than the corona level. The obesity mainly displays in the plate-type level, and affects one’s appearance. Liposuction in the plate-type level may achieve the goal of losing weight. Liposuction in both levels can at the mean time sculpture one’s figure. Pulls at the same time the shape level and the corona level pumps then achieved loses weight can model the shape. After suction the corona level fat, the skin will recover effectively, thus the surgery will perform well in building figure.

    Generally, the surgery carries on under partial anesthesia. Inject large dose of physiological brine with the anesthetic into the spots that will take surgery later to cause the partial inflation. This step will first finish the partial anesthesia; and then cause the partial fat cell to liquefy. Then with the aid of negative pressure, the fat organization will be sucked out of body. The choice for straws is flexible depends on the suction part. Generally speaking, the suture is unnecessary after a thin straw is used in the surgery. A small incision will be made if the surgery needs to use a relatively thick straw, but even so, only a little suture is needed, which will be designed to be unnoticeable,   therefore the scar is not at all obvious.
Now, comparatively safe anaesthesia technology and fewer-wound surgery methods have been adopted, so the possibility for complications like haematoma, swelling serum, fat embolism, the infection and so on reduces greatly. So the patients can set their heart at rest for the surgery is safe and the patient will get recovered quickly after surgery.

Common side effects  

    1, Uneven skin surface: This is related to the liposuction technique, because too little or excessive suction will result adversely effect. Generally, about 0.5 centimeters thick of subcutaneous fat should be saved. In this way, the skin surface can be smooth and take little time to recover after liposuction.
    2, the formation of fat embolism: Although the ratio of this side-effect is fairly small, doctors must still be cautious on it. When patients have symptoms such as shortness of breath, dizziness, fever, or even unclear consciousness, the causes should be immediately identified and treatments should be undertaken right after that. Preventive measures include appropriate humour complementarity; activities out of bed after surgery as early as possible.

Treatments after surgery

    1, conventional treatment: use antibiotics and blood drug for 3-5 days.  
    2, install drainage.  
    3, activities in early period: she could get out of bed early, the surgical part should be pressurized by bandage for one week after, then elastic dresses should be worn to maintain oppression for 2-3 months.

Guidelines  

    1, the patients who want to have liposuction must consult the professional orthopedic surgeon. Only through good communication, the expected result can be achieved.  
    2, the volume of suction fat can’t be too much.
    3, liposuction should be avoided during manses. The patients should not take any Aspirin drugs two weeks before the surgery to avoid hematoma or substantive gore, which may in turn cause pigmentation mixed with xuehuangsu contains ferrum.  
    4, keep the haunch line; fat of some particular parts can not be suctioned at random, otherwise it
will cause dent after surgery.
    5, pressurized partial elastic dressing (wearing jacket trousers) after surgery is also very necessary. This is the early pressurized hemostasia, which also has partial figure sculpture effect.
    6, no engorgement, and no random diet. Proper diet and exercise is the long term way to maintain health and figure.

Special Notes:

    Orthopedist who is going to operate liposuction must meet the following three requirements:
(1) Anatomy knowledge;
(2) knowledge of human body proportion;
(3) dexterous operation skills.
     During liposuction surgery, the surgeon has to operate blindly; only through practice can the orthopedist master the right methods of putting hands in the exact position and move in the suitable direction. Hands play important role in perceiving the condition of straws and fat. Patients must choose prudently the regular orthopedic hospital and experienced orthopedists.
     With development of certain research, it is believed that more perfect and ideal way will be developed and put into applications to play a role in figure shape.